Hero image for a NemoVote podcast article about DKHV’s online election for the Volunteer Council, showing three speakers, the DKHV logo, a volunteer icon, and the NemoVote logo on a dark blue background.

DKHV Online Voting Case Study: Volunteer Council Election

Learn how DKHV digitized its Volunteer Council election with secure online voting, reducing workload and reaching nearly 1,500 volunteers.

Podcast cover image showing Aaron Lesicar and Sina Steiner with the Caritas logo, presenting an online election for the Region Commission using NemoVote for secure church elections.

Secure Online Church Elections with NemoVote

Learn how Caritas Rottenburg-Stuttgart moved from in-person voting to secure digital church elections with NemoVote, KDG compliance, and live support.

Banner showing an online election for the Retail Advisory Board conducted by Goodyear Retail Systems using the NemoVote secure online voting platform.

How Goodyear Retail Systems Digitized Its Franchise Partners Election

Learn how Goodyear Retail Systems moved from paper ballots to digital voting, enabling secure elections, simple access for partners, and faster results.

Result Publication (digital, Audit Logs)

Vote counting (automatic, digital)

Accessibility (Inclusion, Barrier-Free Voting)

Data Retention in Voting

Election Protocols

Electronic Voting Laws

Ballot Design

Secrecy & Anonymity

Election Observers

Majority Types

Nomination Process

Proxy Voting

Quorum Requirements

Authentication & Identification Methods (2FA, Biometrics, eID)

Voter Registration / Digital Voter Register

Helpdesk / Voter Support

AGM Voting (Annual General Meeting)

Association Elections

Board Elections Online

Committee Voting

Shareholder Voting

University Elections

End-to-End Encryption

GDPR-Compliant Voting

Real-Time Results

Single Sign-On (SSO) for Voting

Two-Factor Authentication

Email Voting

Weighted Voting

Hybrid Voting (Hybrid Voting)

Mobile Voting / App-Voting

Voting machines

Attendance-Based Voting Set Up: Restrict Votes to Present Members

Broadcast Messages to Voters in real-time

Ballot comments

Protocol Comments: Add text to the protocol as admin

Dynamic Voting Rights: Add or Remove Voters During Open Votes

Email Voting: Cast Your Vote with a Magic Link

Voting Results: Export

Fullscreen Mode: Optimal View for presentations

Votes Management: Step-by-Step

Multiple Choice

Reset Passwords in NemoVote: 3 Ways explained

Roll Call digitally and quorum check

Sealed Voting

Projector Mode: Presenting results live

System Settings

User Management: Access levels, functions and overview

Voter List Management: Creating voter groups and subgroups

Welcome Page for voters: Advantages, Best Practices and customizations

Voting Results: Features

Weighted Voting: Master weighted online elections

1. Start Your First Online Voting Project

Voter Invitation: Sending credentials via email

Voter Onboarding: A Comprehensive Guide

Delete Voting Data: Data Privacy and GDPR compliance

Troubleshooting: Voter Access Instant Solutions

Proxy Voting in Online Elections

Recording Voting Protocols with Comments

Change Your Voting Password easily in self-service

Dark Mode: How to Activate Dark Mode

Edit My Voter Profile: Self-Service Voter Management

Full Screen Mode: Share voting results live at your general assembly

Multi-Language Voting: Choose from 10+ Languages

Proxy Voting for Voters

Reset or Change a Voter’s Password

Results: Voting Results Display (Voter)

Online Voting Cast Ballot

### Chapters
- [What is broadcasting and how it supports you](#what-is-the-broadcast-feature-in-nemovote-and-how-it-can-support-an-election)
- [Guide for Broadcasting Messages](#step-by-step-guide-to-broadcasting-a-message)
- [Why you should use broadcasting](#benefits-of-using-broadcast-messages)
- [Best Practices to increase participation](#best-practices-to-increase-voting-participation-rate)

---
## What is the Broadcast Feature in NemoVote and how it can support an election

With NemoVote’s **broadcast function**, administrators can send instant messages to all voters currently logged into the platform. This is a quick way to communicate important updates or reminders directly to voters while they are active in the system.

![Broadcast to All Voters](/public/media/knowledge-base/broadcast.gif)

<Tip>**How to Use the Broadcast Tool**:\
 Use this feature to send short messages, urgent updates, or hyperlinks (e.g., links to Google documents) directly to voters, ensuring they receive the information while logged in.</Tip>

---
## Step-by-Step Guide to Broadcasting a Message

1. **Log into NemoVote as an Administrator** and click on "Broadcast to all voters" located on the top menu bar.
2. A small message window will open where you can type your announcement or instruction.
3. **Send the Message**: Once sent, a pop-up containing your message will appear for all currently logged-in voters. They can read and close the pop-up at their convenience.

<Tip>**Note**: Broadcast messages are temporary; they are not stored in NemoVote and cannot be reopened by voters after they close the pop-up.</Tip>

---
## Benefits of Using Broadcast Messages

The broadcast feature in NemoVote allows you to:
- **Instantly communicate with voters** who are logged in, ensuring no delays in critical updates.
- **Directly share links or resources** that voters may need during the voting process, such as access to documents or instructional material.
- **Enhance voter transparency and participation** by keeping voters informed throughout the election.

Broadcasting messages to voters can help keep everyone on the same page and facilitate a smoother voting experience.

---
### Best practices to increase voting participation rate
Read this article, to learn from best practices by UFO e.V. on how they achieved a historic high participation in their online election with NemoVote
**[Best Practices from UFO voting online with NemoVote](https://blog.nemovote.com/en/online-voting-ngo/union-ufo-record-participation)**

### Chapters

- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [What Are Ballot Comments?](#what-are-ballot-comments)
 - [Comment on Ballot vs. Comment on Votes](#comment-on-ballot-vs-comment-on-votes)
 - [Use Cases for Ballot Comments](#use-cases-for-ballot-comments)
- [Step-by-Step: Enabling Ballot Comments](#step-by-step-enabling-ballot-comments)
 - [Activate Comments When Creating a Vote](#activate-comments-when-creating-a-vote)
 - [Voters Add Comments](#voters-add-comments)
 - [Ballot Comments in the Results View](#ballot-comments-in-the-results-view)
- [Best Practices for Ballot Comments](#best-practices-for-ballot-comments)
- [Anonymity and Data Protection](#anonymity-and-data-protection)
- [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
- [Next Steps](#next-steps)

---

![A voter leaves a comment on their ballot choice. The video shows the complete process from the voter's perspective.](/media/knowledge-base/voter-comment.gif)

---

## Introduction

**Ballot Comments** (Comment on Ballot) enable voters to justify or qualify their personal voting decision. Unlike [vote comments](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-votes), which occur at the vote level, ballot comments are tied to an individual voter's specific ballot.

This guide shows you how: enable the feature, manage voter comments, export them, and protect voter privacy.

---

## What Are Ballot Comments?

### Comment on Ballot vs. Comment on Votes

It's important to distinguish between two different commenting features in NemoVote:

**Comment on Ballot (Ballot-Level Comments)**
- **Scope**: A single ballot cast by an individual voter, linked to their specific choices
- **Who can add**: The eligible voter during the voting process
- **Purpose**: Personal justification, feedback on their choice, qualified voting statement
- **Example**: A voter writes next to their "No" vote: "This decision conflicts with our Code of Conduct"

[**Comment on Votes (Vote-Level Comments)**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-votes)
- **Scope**: The entire vote or positions within the election, aggregated without personal references
- **Who can add**: Primarily admins and board leaders (based on permissions)
- **Purpose**: Documentation, result explanation, contextual information about the voting process as a whole
- **Example**: "Motion passed with 87% approval. Next steps: Implementation by June 30, 2026"

→ **Learn more**: [Managing Vote Comments](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-votes)

<Tip>
**In short**: Comment on Ballot = voters justify their personal decision. Comment on Votes = documenting and recording the election as a whole.
</Tip>

---

### Use Cases for Ballot Comments

Ballot comments are ideal for these scenarios:

**1. Qualified Voting and Minority Protection**
- Voters can justify their vote: "I vote yes, but with concerns about point 3"
- Diverse perspectives become visible, even with clear overall results

**2. Deliberative Democracy**
- Organizations encourage thoughtful decisions by letting voters document their reasoning
- Ballot comments show the deliberation process

**3. Transparency Requirements**
- Compliance needs that require traceability of individual positions
- Board chairs can understand what concerns exist about a decision

**4. Feedback and Input**
- Voter feedback on processes or content
- "I vote yes, but would have appreciated more time for discussion"

**5. Multilingual and Inclusive Voting**
- Voters can comment and justify in their own language
- Supports accessible participation

---

## Step-by-Step: Enabling Ballot Comments

### Activate Comments When Creating a Vote

**When setting up a new online voting process:**

1. Open the NemoVote admin dashboard and click **Create Vote**
2. Fill in basic info (title, description)
3. Go to **Vote Settings**
4. Find **"Allow Voters to Comment on Their Ballot"**
5. Toggle it **Yes**
6. Save the vote configuration

![Enable ballot comments in the Vote Settings. The video shows the workflow for toggling the setting in the admin dashboard.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-ballot-settings.gif)
*Workflow: Enabling ballot comments in Vote Settings*

<Tip>
You can also enable ballot comments later if the vote is still in **Draft status**. Once it's open or closed, you can't change this.
</Tip>

**For existing votes (Draft status):**

1. Open the Draft vote
2. Click **Edit**
3. Go to Vote Settings
4. Enable **Ballot Comments** and save

---

### Voters Add Comments

Once ballot comments are enabled, voters can add a comment to their personal voting choice during the voting process.

**How it works for voters:**

1. Voters open the vote
2. They make their choice (e.g., "Yes," "No," "Abstain")
3. A text field appears: **"Add a comment to your choice (optional)"**
4. Voters can write a personal comment
5. They save their choice together with the comment

![A voter leaves a comment on their ballot choice. The video shows the complete process from the voter's perspective.](/media/knowledge-base/voter-comment.gif)
*Voters add a comment during the voting process*

---

### Ballot Comments in the Results View

After the vote closes, ballot comments are visible in the admin dashboard under the results.

**What is displayed:**

- The comment itself
- The associated voting choice (Yes/No/Abstain)
- For non-anonymous votes: The voter's display name
- For anonymous votes: No link between comment and voter

![The results view with integrated ballot comments. You can see the comments with their associated voting decisions and (for non-anonymous votes) the voter's name.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-ballot-results.gif)
*Ballot comments in the results view*

**Privacy Note:** In anonymous votes, voter names are not shown to protect privacy. In non-anonymous votes, a link between comment and voter is visible.

---

## Best Practices for Ballot Comments

**Encourage voters to comment**

When ballot comments are enabled, actively invite voter participation:
- In the vote description: "Your comment is optional – feel free to share your thoughts"
- In the announcement: Explain why comments are valuable

**Manage expectations moderately**

Not all voters will comment. That's normal. Expect participation rates of 10–30%, depending on engagement and topic.

**Review comments before publishing**

If you plan to export or publish ballot comments, review them first for:
- Appropriateness and respectfulness
- Compliance with your communication guidelines
- Data protection conformity

**Protect anonymity in anonymous votes**

If you've promised anonymity, ensure comments cannot indirectly identify voters (e.g., through very personal or distinctive writing style).

---

## Anonymity and Data Protection

### Anonymous vs. Non-Anonymous Votes

**In non-anonymous votes:**
- The voter's display name appears next to the comment
- There is a clear link between comment and voter
- Ideal for official bodies where transparency is expected

**In anonymous votes:**
- Comments are not linked to a voter
- No voter ID or name is displayed
- Voter anonymity is preserved, even when commenting

### Storage and Compliance

- Ballot comments are stored in NemoVote's encrypted database
- Access control: Only admins with appropriate permissions can view comments
- Audit trail: Every comment is logged with a timestamp
- When a vote is deleted, all associated comments are also deleted

---

## Frequently Asked Questions

<Accordion>
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can voters edit their comments after voting?" 
 answer="No, comments are immutable once submitted. This protects data integrity."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What happens to comments in non-anonymous votes?" 
 answer="Comments are linked to the voter's display name. This is important for transparency and traceability."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can ballot comments be included in the PDF export?" 
 answer="Yes. When you export voting results as PDF, ballot comments are included in the report together with the associated voter name if the vote is not anonymous. This enables comprehensive documentation."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can I see how many voters commented?" 
 answer="Yes, in the admin dashboard you see an overview of all comments and their count."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Are ballot comments required?" 
 answer="No. Voters can comment, but don't have to. The field is optional."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What's the difference between Comment on Ballot and Comment on Votes?" 
 answer="Comment on Ballot are personal voter comments on their choice. Comment on Votes are admin comments on the entire vote. Both can be used together."
 />
</Accordion>

---

## Next Steps

You're ready to use ballot comments now. More resources:

- **Vote-level comments**: [Managing Vote Comments](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-votes)
- **Vote management**: [Step-by-Step Election Management with NemoVote](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)
- **Export results**: [Export Results as PDF](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/export-results-pdf)

### Chapters

- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [What Are Vote Comments?](#what-are-vote-comments)
 - [Comment on Votes vs. Comment on Ballot](#comment-on-votes-vs-comment-on-ballot)
 - [Use Cases for Vote Comments](#use-cases-for-vote-comments)
- [Step-by-Step: Enabling Vote Comments](#step-by-step-enabling-vote-comments)
 - [Activate Comments When Creating a Vote](#activate-comments-when-creating-a-vote)
 - [Adding and Managing Vote Comments](#adding-and-managing-vote-comments)
- [Best Practices for Vote Comments](#best-practices-for-vote-comments)
- [Technical Details and Data Protection](#technical-details-and-data-protection)
- [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
- [Next Steps](#next-steps)

---

## Introduction

**Vote Comments** (Comment on Votes) are notes you add at the vote level – not on individual ballots. Use them to document protocols, explain results, and store context that matters later.

This guide shows you how: enable the feature, add comments, export protocols.

---

## What Are Vote Comments?

### Comment on Votes vs. Comment on Ballot

It's important to distinguish between two different commenting features in NemoVote:

**Comment on Votes (Vote-Level Comments)**
- **Scope**: The entire vote or positions within the election, aggregated without personal references
- **Who can add**: Primarily admins and board leaders (based on permissions)
- **Purpose**: Documentation, result explanation, contextual information about the voting process as a whole
- **Example**: "Motion passed with 87% approval. Next steps: Implementation by June 30, 2026"

[**Comment on Ballot (Ballot-Level Comments)**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-ballot)
- **Scope**: A single ballot cast by an individual voter, linked to their specific choices
- **Who can add**: The eligible voter during the voting process
- **Purpose**: Personal justification, feedback on their choice, qualified voting statement
- **Example**: A voter writes next to their "No" vote: "This decision conflicts with our Code of Conduct"

→ **Learn more**: [Managing Ballot Comments](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-ballot)

<Tip>
**In short**: Comment on Votes = documenting and recording the election as a whole. Comment on Ballot = voters justifying their personal decision.
</Tip>

---

### Use Cases for Vote Comments

Vote comments are ideal for these scenarios:

**1. Board Protocols and Documentation**
- Secretaries record decisions: "Agenda Item 5 – Bylaw Amendment passed. Quorum met, full member vote not required."
- Important metadata is preserved for archival purposes

**2. Result Explanation and Communication**
- Admins add analysis: "Notably higher approval rate than last election. Likely due to information campaign in member newsletter."
- Board chairs add next steps and responsibilities
- Comments later appear in [PDF export](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/export-results-pdf) for board minutes
- You can also [share voting results and comments with voters](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voting-results-sharing) to create transparency

**3. Compliance and Audit Trails**
- Legal notes: "Vote complies with corporate bylaws §7, subsection 2"
- Regulatory references for later verification

**4. Historical Context**
- Document external circumstances: "Vote conducted during pandemic, resulting in higher online participation (94%)"
- Explain deviations from historical patterns

**5. Reporting and Export**
- Comments appear in generated [PDF reports](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/export-results-pdf)
- Enable sustainable knowledge management: Years later, stakeholders understand why decisions were made

---

## Step-by-Step: Enabling Vote Comments

### Activate Comments When Creating a Vote

**When setting up a new online voting process:**

1. Open the NemoVote admin dashboard and click **Create Vote**. For a complete walkthrough of the entire voting process, see [Step-by-Step Election Management with NemoVote](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin).
2. Fill in basic info (title, description)
3. Go to **Vote Settings**
4. Find **"Allow Administrator to Comment on Vote"**
5. Toggle it **Yes**
6. Save the vote configuration

![Enable vote comments in the Vote Settings. The video shows the workflow for toggling the setting in the admin dashboard.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-vote-settings.gif)
*Workflow: Enabling vote comments in Vote Settings*

<Tip>
You can also enable vote comments later if the vote is still in **Draft status**. Once it's open or closed, you can't change this.
</Tip>

**For existing votes (Draft status):**

1. Open the Draft vote
2. Click **Edit**
3. Go to Vote Settings
4. Enable **Vote Comments** and save

### Adding and Managing Vote Comments

Once vote comments are enabled, you can add and manage them.

#### Where to Find Vote Comments

After enabling, find the comment feature in the admin dashboard under the vote results. Click the **Comments** tab or use the context menu (three dots).

![The admin dashboard shows where to find the vote comments feature in the interface. The menu item is clearly visible under the vote details.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-vote-where.png)
*Where to find vote comments in the NemoVote admin interface*

#### Writing and Saving Comments

**Adding comments during or after voting:**

1. View the vote (closed)
2. Go to **Comments**
3. Click **Add Comment**
4. Write your text. Include:
 - Notes and context
 - Links to documents or regulations
 - Timestamps (auto-captured)
5. Click **Save**

![The input field for a new vote comment. Write your note, result explanation, or metadata here.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-vote-text.png)
*Text field for adding a new vote comment*

#### Comments in the Results View

After adding comments, they show up in the results overview. You can immediately see what notes are attached.

![The results view with integrated vote comments. The comments are clearly visible and help with documentation.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-vote-results.png)
*Vote comments in the results view*

#### Editing or Deleting Comments

Comments cannot be edited or deleted. This ensures no data is lost and legal certainty is maintained.

#### Configuring Comment Visibility

Comments are not visible to voters. However, comments can be exported and shared with voters if needed.

#### Export and Protocol Documentation

When you export voting results as PDF, vote comments are included in the report. This ensures seamless documentation for board minutes and protocols.

![The PDF export shows vote comments in a formatted table, together with the voting results. This enables comprehensive documentation.](/media/knowledge-base/comment-on-vote-export.png)
*Vote comments in PDF export and protocols*

---

## Best Practices for Vote Comments

### Structure and Clarity

Use a consistent structure:

*[METADATA] Quorum met*

*[CONTEXT] Vote conducted via Zoom meeting, all technical requirements met*

*[NEXT STEPS] Implementation by Board Treasurer, report due June 30, 2026*

*[RESPONSIBLE] Board Treasurer (Sandra Müller)*

### Timing

- **Immediately after close**: Add notes while details are fresh
- **Before export**: Finalize comments before generating PDFs. If you plan to [share results with voters or stakeholders](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voting-results-sharing), enrich your comments with context before distribution

### Confidentiality vs. Transparency

- **Admin-only**: For internal notes, technical issues, or sensitive context
- **Public**: Only for information stakeholders should see

### Documenting Anomalies

If unexpected results or technical issues occurred, document them:

*[ANOMALY] Participation 95% (normally 40–50%). Reason: Required for bylaw change*

### Legal and Compliance Notes

Reference applicable regulations:

*[LEGAL BASIS] Corporate Bylaws §7, subsection 2 (quorum requirements)*

*[REGULATORY REF] GDPR compliance confirmed (secret ballot conducted)*

*[VERIFICATION] Election conducted in accordance with all governing documents*

---

## Technical Details and Data Protection

### Storage and Security

- **Encryption**: Vote comments are stored in NemoVote's encrypted database
- **Access Control**: Only admins with appropriate permissions can create comments
- **Audit Trail**: Every comment is logged (timestamp, author)

### Sealed Votes

In sealed voting scenarios, comments remain hidden until the seal is broken. When a vote closes, comments cannot be viewed yet, and admins see an appropriate message in the interface.

### Data Retention and Compliance

- Vote comments are archived with voting data
- When a vote is deleted, all associated comments are also deleted
- Review your organization's retention policies (especially for associations, cooperatives, or municipal boards)

---

## Frequently Asked Questions

<Accordion>
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can voters add comments to a vote?" 
 answer="No, vote comments are admin-only. Voters can add comments to their own ballot if this feature is enabled."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Are vote comments included in result exports?" 
 answer="Yes. When you export vote results as PDF, vote comments (optional: if checkbox is set in export) are included in the report. This is ideal for board minutes."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What happens to comments if I duplicate a vote?" 
 answer="Comments are **not** automatically copied. You'll need to manually add them to the new vote if desired."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can I delete comments after they're added?" 
 answer="No, comments cannot be edited or deleted. The system maintains them for legal certainty."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can I add comments to open and closed votes?" 
 answer="No. You can only add comments to votes that are already closed."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="How do I distinguish vote comments from ballot comments in reports?" 
 answer="In PDF exports, vote-level comments appear in a separate section, similar to ballot comments."
 />
</Accordion>

---

## Next Steps

You're ready to use vote comments now. More resources:

- **Ballot-level comments**: [Managing Ballot Comments](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/comment-on-ballot)
- **Vote management**: [Step-by-Step Election Management with NemoVote](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)
- **Export results**: [Export Results as PDF](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/export-results-pdf)

### Chapters
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Default Vote Behavior](#default-vote-behavior)
- [What Are Dynamic Voting Rights?](#what-are-dynamic-voting-rights)
- [When Do You Need This Feature?](#when-do-you-need-this-feature)
- [How to Enable Dynamic Voting Rights](#how-to-enable-dynamic-voting-rights)
- [How Changes Are Applied](#how-changes-are-applied)
 - [Adding Voters](#adding-voters)
 - [Removing Voters](#removing-voters)
 - [Paper Ballot Analogy](#paper-ballot-analogy)
- [Email Notifications](#email-notifications)
- [Important Limitations and Warnings](#important-limitations-and-warnings)
- [Real-World Use Cases](#real-world-use-cases)
- [Best Practices](#best-practices)
- [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
- [Next Steps](#next-steps)

---

## Introduction

In most voting scenarios, your voter list is finalized before voting begins. However, sometimes eligibility changes during an ongoing vote—late registrations, proxy authorizations, or multi-day voting periods where final participant lists aren't confirmed until partway through.

NemoVote's **Dynamic Voting Rights** feature lets you adjust voting eligibility in real-time, even after a vote has opened. This guide explains how it works, when to use it, and what safeguards protect your election integrity.

---

## Default Vote Behavior

By default in NemoVote, **voting rights are locked once a vote opens**. Here's what happens:

1. Vote opens → NemoVote takes a **snapshot** of all eligible voters
2. This snapshot is **stored immutably** in the database
3. No new voters can be added; eligible voters cannot be removed
4. Results are calculated based only on this fixed voter list

**Why this design?**
- Ensures election integrity and prevents manipulation
- Voters know exactly who is eligible at voting start
- Clean audit trail with no last-minute changes

This is the safest default for most elections.

---

## What Are Dynamic Voting Rights?

Dynamic Voting Rights is an **optional feature** that relaxes this restriction. When enabled, you can:

✅ **Add new voters** to eligible lists → they immediately gain voting rights 
✅ **Remove voters** (before they vote) → they immediately lose access 
✅ **Update voter properties** in real-time (e.g., voting weight changes) 
✅ **See changes reflected instantly** in admin overviews, roll calls, and results tables

**Important:** Already-cast votes **remain immutable and protected** at all times.

---

## When Do You Need This Feature?

Consider enabling Dynamic Voting Rights for:

**1. Multi-day voting periods with evolving eligibility**
- Votes that stay open for 3+ days where final participant lists aren't confirmed at start
- Example: Online shareholders arrive throughout the voting period

**2. Proxy voting with late authorizations**
- Proxy votes are approved mid-election
- New proxy holders need immediate voting access
- Example: [Setup Proxy Voting](/knowledge-base/usecases/proxy-voting-with-nemovote)

**3. Participant registration windows**
- Late registrations close on day 2 of a 5-day vote
- New registrants should be able to vote immediately

**4. Evolving team compositions**
- Team member changes mid-election (new hires, departures)
- Organizational restructures during voting

**Do NOT use this for:**
- Live, time-critical votes (< 2 hours)
- High-security elections where you want a frozen voter list
- Situations where you need full control over "voting start" moment

---

## How to Enable Dynamic Voting Rights

![Updating Voting Rights After a Vote Has Started](/public/media/knowledge-base/update-vote-rights.gif)

When **creating a new vote** in NemoVote's vote settings, look for this option:

**"Should new voters access the voting, after it has been opened?"**

- Set to **No** (default) → Voting rights are locked at vote start
- Set to **Yes** → Voting rights stay dynamic throughout the voting period

You can also enable this **before opening a vote** if you've created it in Draft status.

<Tip>
**Timing matters:** Once you open the vote, you can no longer change this setting. Enable it **before opening**, not after.
</Tip>

---

## How Changes Are Applied

### Adding Voters

When you add a voter to an eligible list (e.g., via voter list updates):

1. NemoVote immediately grants them voting rights
2. If email notifications are enabled, they receive an invite email
3. They appear in admin overviews and roll call lists
4. Results tables update to include them in eligible voter counts

**Key point:** They can vote immediately—there's no delay or waiting period.

### Removing Voters

When you remove a voter from an eligible list:

1. **If they haven't voted yet:** Voting access is revoked immediately
2. **If they have already voted:** Their vote remains counted (immutable protection)
3. Admin overviews update instantly
4. They do not receive a notification

**Critical:** Be careful when deleting entire voter lists—this removes rights for all unvoted voters.

### Paper Ballot Analogy

Think of Dynamic Voting Rights like managing physical ballots:

- **Adding a voter** = Handing out an additional ballot after voting has begun
- **Removing an unvoted voter** = Taking back their blank ballot before they submit it
- **Already-submitted ballots** = Sealed in the ballot box; cannot be retrieved or changed

---

## Email Notifications

### Fixed Voting Rights (Default, "No")

When voting rights are locked:
- Opening the vote triggers a warning for admins: "Voting rights are now locked"
- Admins can optionally send an **email to all eligible voters** announcing the vote
- No further emails sent if the voter list changes (because it won't)

### Dynamic Voting Rights (Enabled, "Yes")

When voting rights are dynamic:

**Initial voters (at vote start):**
- Receive a standard notification email about the open vote (if notifications are enabled)

**Newly added voters:**
- Automatically receive an **email notification** with voting access and link
- No manual action needed from you

**Removed voters:**
- Do not receive a notification
- Their access simply disappears

![Dialog to activate e-mail notification of voters](/public/media/knowledge-base/email-vote-notification.gif)

---

## Important Limitations and Warnings

### ⚠️ Critical Limitations

**1. Cannot change voting rights after vote closing**
Once a vote is closed, no further changes to voter lists affect that election.

**2. Cannot undo already-cast votes**
If a voter has submitted a ballot and you later remove them from the voter list, their vote remains counted. Votes are immutable.

**3. Deleting entire voter lists removes all unvoted rights**
If you delete a voter list entirely, every voter on that list who hasn't voted yet loses access instantly.

**4. No partial rollback**
Changes are applied immediately and globally—there's no "undo" option for individual changes.

### ✅ Protections in Place

- Already-cast votes cannot be altered or removed
- All changes are logged with timestamps in audit trails
- Admin overviews clearly show current eligible voters
- Vote integrity is maintained despite dynamic changes

<Tip>
**Best practice:** Before making large changes (bulk additions/removals), always take a screenshot of your admin overview as backup reference.
</Tip>

---

## Real-World Use Cases

### Scenario 1: Extended Multi-Day Vote

You run a 7-day shareholder vote. On day 1, you have 150 eligible voters. On day 3, 12 new shareholders complete their registration. With dynamic voting rights:

✅ Add the 12 new shareholders → They get instant voting access 
✅ They can vote immediately without restarting the election 
✅ Results automatically include their votes in final counts

### Scenario 2: Proxy Voting Adjustments

Mid-vote, new proxy delegations arrive. If **"Apply new delegations to already-opened votes"** is enabled in your [Proxy Settings](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/proxy-voting#organization-wide-proxy-settings), a new or updated delegation takes effect immediately on an open vote, no need to touch voter lists or delete anyone. The delegating voter's voting right transfers to their proxy as soon as the delegation is created.

### Scenario 3: Team Reorganization

Your organization undergoes a department restructure during a vote. Some team members move departments, affecting voting group membership. With dynamic voting rights:

✅ Update voter list assignments in real-time 
✅ New group members gain access; departed members lose access 
✅ No need to pause or restart the vote

---

## Best Practices

### Plan Before Enabling

Decide early if you need dynamic rights:
- Will voter eligibility change? → Use dynamic rights
- Is the voter list final? → Keep default (locked) rights
- Changing your mind mid-vote? → Too late; you can't toggle this after opening

### Communicate Deadlines Clearly

If using dynamic rights, inform voters of:
- **Registration/eligibility deadline:** "New voters can register until Day 4 at 5 PM"
- **Voting period:** "Voting closes on Day 7 at 6 PM"
- **What changes mean:** "Newly eligible voters will receive an email automatically"

### Document Changes

Keep a log of voter list modifications:
- Who was added/removed?
- When?
- Why?

This is valuable for audit trails and compliance documentation.

### Test Before Going Live

With a test vote:
- Enable dynamic rights
- Add/remove a test voter
- Verify they gain/lose access
- Check email notifications work
- Confirm admin overviews update correctly

### Minimize Large Bulk Changes

If possible:
- Make small, incremental changes rather than bulk deletions
- Give yourself time to verify each change's impact
- Avoid bulk removals close to voting deadline

---

## Frequently Asked Questions

<Accordion>
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can I enable dynamic voting rights after I've already opened a vote?" 
 answer="No. This setting can only be enabled before the vote opens. If your vote is already live and you need dynamic rights, you must close the current vote, create a new one with dynamic rights enabled, and restart. Plan ahead!"
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="If I remove a voter who has already cast their vote, what happens to their vote?" 
 answer="Their vote remains counted. Votes are immutable once cast. This is a critical protection to ensure election integrity."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can newly added voters see historical votes or only the current one?" 
 answer="Newly added voters only gain access to the open vote they were added to. They cannot vote on past, closed votes."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Do removed voters know they've been removed?" 
 answer="They receive no notification. If they attempt to log in, they'll see an error message. For transparency, you may choose to inform them separately."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What if I accidentally delete the entire voter list while voting is ongoing?" 
 answer="All unvoted voters lose access immediately. Already-cast votes remain protected. You can re-add voters to the list, but this is disruptive. Always double-check before bulk deletions."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Are all voter changes logged for audit purposes?" 
 answer="Yes. All additions, removals, and modifications are timestamped and logged in NemoVote's audit trail for compliance and verification."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can I enable dynamic rights for some voters and not others?" 
 answer="No. This is an all-or-nothing setting per vote. Either dynamic rights are enabled for all voters on that vote, or for none."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What's the difference between dynamic voting rights and anonymous voting?" 
 answer="Dynamic voting rights control **who can vote** (eligibility changes). Anonymous voting controls **whether votes are linked to voters** (secrecy). These are independent settings and can be used together."
 />
</Accordion>

---

## Next Steps

You're ready to use dynamic voting rights. Explore these related topics:

- **Managing Voter Lists**: [Voter List Management](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-list-management)
- **Creating Votes**: [Step-by-Step Election Management with NemoVote](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)
- **Proxy Voting Setup**: [Proxy Voting with NemoVote](/knowledge-base/usecases/proxy-voting-with-nemovote)
- **Email Notifications**: [Customizing Voter Invitation Emails](/knowledge-base/getting-started/voter-invitation-email)

### Sections
- [What Is Email Voting?](#what-is-email-voting)
- [How Magic Links Work](#how-magic-links-work)
 - [Voter Experience](#voter-experience)
 - [Admin Settings](#admin-settings)
- [Security and Forwarding](#security-and-forwarding)
- [Best Practices by Voting Scenario](#best-practices-by-voting-scenario)
- [Summary](#summary)

---
![Example of Magic Link in Email](/public/media/knowledge-base/email-vote-magic-link-voting.gif)

## What Is Email Voting?

With **Email Voting**, NemoVote offers one of the easiest ways to take part in an online election: via **Magic Link** directly from your inbox.

Instead of entering a username and password, one click is all it takes to land straight on your personal ballot. Especially useful for **longer elections** or audiences with limited tech experience.

---

## How Magic Links Work

Magic Links are **secure, personal URLs** linked to a voter account. A single click logs the voter in and brings them to the right ballot – no credentials needed.

### Voter Experience

There are three common ways to use Magic Links:

1. **Pre-Vote Login**
 Perfect for live elections with multiple ballots. Voters log in early from their inbox and wait in NemoVote for the next vote to start.

2. **Direct Link to Active Vote**
 Ideal for **multi-day elections**: The link goes straight to the ballot. One click – vote submitted.

3. **Self-Service Option for Voters**
 If voters have already been added to the system, they can request a Magic Link themselves. Instead of logging in manually, they just go to the platform and ask for the link.

---

### Admin Settings

Magic Links can be configured in the **Authentication Settings** panel:

- Enable/disable Magic Links
- Set link validity (e.g. 5 minutes, 24 hours, or up to 1 year)
- Allow single-use or multiple-use links
- Optionally switch to classic login (username + password)

![Authentication Settings in NemoVote](/public/media/knowledge-base/email-vote-authentification.png)

This lets you combine the **convenience of Magic Links** with your desired **security level**.

---

## Security and Forwarding

Magic Links are **tied to a voter account** – but in theory, they can be forwarded. Just like traditional login credentials, anyone with the link can access the associated ballot.

For extra security, NemoVote also offers **SSO (Single Sign-On)** via existing association or company logins.

Big plus: Once logged in, voters stay logged in – no need to use the Magic Link again for future votes. Upcoming elections simply appear in the platform.

---

## Best Practices by Voting Scenario

1. **Live voting with multiple ballots**
- Recommended: *Send Magic Link in advance*
- Tip: Voters log in early and wait in NemoVote until the next ballot goes live.
![Live Voting new ballot](/public/media/knowledge-base/live-voting-election-new-vote-popup.gif)

2. **Multi-day elections**
- Recommended: *Send Magic Link directly to the ballot*
- Tip: Especially useful for less tech-savvy voters – fast and frictionless.
![Ballot Delivered via Email](/public/media/knowledge-base/email-vote-notification.gif)

3. **High-security environments**
- Recommended: Use *one-time links* or activate *SSO*
- Tip: Configure in the Authentication Settings panel.
![Single Sign-On Example](/public/media/knowledge-base/single-sign-on-voting-sso.gif)

4. **Frequent/repeat usage**
- Recommended: *Send Magic Link once* – voters stay logged in
- Tip: Voters see all upcoming elections automatically without needing to click again.

Starting **May 2025**, Magic Links will be **enabled by default** for all customers – making access easier than ever.

---

## Summary

Email voting with Magic Links is the **easiest way to cast a vote**. One click from your inbox – perfect for large online elections or tight timelines. And with flexible security settings, you're always in control.

<Related>Want to learn more about setting up voters? Check out the **[Admin Guide to Voter Onboarding](/knowledge-base/getting-started/voter-onboarding)**</Related>

### Chapters
- [How to export election results and why archiving is important](#how-to-export-online-election-results-and-why-you-should-save-them)
- [Step-By-Step Guide to Exporting Voting Results](#guide-to-export-voting-results-to-pdf)
- [Video Guide: Exporting Voting Results in 7 Seconds](#how-to-export-voting-results-from-nemovote-in-7-seconds)
- [Conclusion](#sample-exported-pdf-first-page)
- [Security Features you should expect in a voting tool](#conclusion-conduct-legally-safe-online-elections)

---
## How to export online election results and why you should save them
The NemoVote **result export** allows **election administrators** to easily download the voting results of an online vote once it has been closed. This feature offers a quick, simple, and secure way to generate a PDF version of your election results, which is perfect for sharing and archiving.

With this feature, you can ensure that your voting results are stored in a **legally compliant** and transparent format, making it a valuable tool for organizations searching for **legally safe**, **GDPR compliant** online elections tools.

<a href="/media/knowledge-base/election-results-NemoVote.pdf" target="_blank">Interested on how your election could be archived? **Download Example Election Result PDF Export**.</a>

---
## Guide to Export Voting Results to PDF
Provided, you are logged in as a voting manager/voting administrator, the following steps show how the PDF export feature works in NemoVote.

- **Step 1**: After the vote has closed, simply click the PDF icon to initiate the download under *Closed votes*.
- **Step 2**: The results will automatically download as a PDF document.

---
## How to Export Voting Results from NemoVote in 7 Seconds
![How To Export Results from secure online voting](/public/media/knowledge-base/export-voting-results.gif)

### Sample Exported PDF - First Page
The exported results contain all the information of the vote. You can choose which information should be included in the online election export:
- Name of the vote
- Vote Description, including all information, such as added pictures, links, etc.
- Vote Settings
- Vote results
- Eligible Voter lists

![Safe Online voting Export NemoVote](/public/media/knowledge-base/vote-results.png)

---
## Conclusion: Conduct Legally Safe Online Elections
NemoVote is a perfect solution for any organization looking for a **GDPR-compliant voting system**, seeking to conduct **legally compliant** online elections. Through **online elections** with NemoVote, you enable legally safe voting with transparent, verifiable results.

<Related>More Information in: [Voting Results: Features and Sharing](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voting-results-sharing)</Related>

---
## Which Security functions should you expect from an online voting tool?
**[Read how NemoVote secures your elections!](/security)**


### Chapters
- [What is the Fullscreen Mode](#what-is-fullscreen-mode-in-nemovote)
- [Where to find the Fullscreen Mode](#how-to-use-the-fullscreen-mode)
- [Use-Case for Fullscreen Mode in Online Elections](#how-to-enable-fullscreen-mode)

---
## What is Fullscreen Mode in NemoVote?

NemoVote is a modern **voting platform** that works in any current web browser. By default, the platform is displayed as a webpage with the tab and address bars visible. However, if you prefer an optimized view for your **online voting** and presenting, you can activate **fullscreen mode**. This mode provides a clean and focused view without distractions, making it ideal for **digital meetings** and **online elections**.

---
## How to use the Fullscreen Mode

Fullscreen mode helps you conduct **digital general meetings** more efficiently and without distractions, improving the user experience when participating in **online voting**.

### How to Enable Fullscreen Mode

To enable fullscreen mode in NemoVote, simply click the **fullscreen icon** in the upper-right corner of the screen.

![Fullscreen Mode in NemoVote for online assemblies](/public/media/knowledge-base/full-screen.gif)

### Exiting Fullscreen Mode

To exit fullscreen mode, click the fullscreen icon again or press the **ESC key** on your keyboard.

---
## Where Full-Screen Mode Brings Real Value: Projector Mode

Use full-screen mode to display online voting results in real-time with the NemoVote Projector Mode. Learn more in our **[Article about the projector mode](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/show-results-on-projector)**

### Chapters
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Understanding Election Status](#understanding-election-status-in-20-seconds)
- [Setting Up a Vote](#online-election-set-up-in-under-2-minutes)
 - [Creating a New Vote](#creating-a-new-vote)
 - [Setting Up Vote Choices](#setting-up-vote-choices)
 - [Explaining Vote Settings](#explaining-vote-settings-in-under-a-minute)
 - [Setting Up Voting Rights](#setting-up-voting-rights-in-20-seconds)
- [Opening a Vote](#how-to-open-a-vote)
- [Managing Votes](#managing-votes)
 - [Functions of Open and Closed Votes](#what-functions-have-open-and-closed-votes)
- [Sharing Results](#got-the-results)
- [Conclusion and Support](#conclusion-and-support)

---

## Introduction

Managing online elections with NemoVote is straightforward, but understanding the workflow ensures a smoother experience. This guide takes you through every step, complemented by short videos. If you prefer not to watch the videos, the text below explains everything in detail.

---
## Understanding Election Status in 20 Seconds
<YouTube videoId="6b185_4jU2M" isReel/>

When you log into NemoVote as an administrator, the first thing you see is the election status dashboard. Here's what the states mean:
1. **Draft Votes**: Votes prepared but not yet active. These are editable and not visible to voters.
2. **Open Votes**: Active votes open for voter participation.
3. **Closed Votes**: Completed votes that are archived for viewing or exporting results.

---
## Online Election Set Up in under 2 Minutes

### Creating a new Vote
*In 15 seconds*
<YouTube videoId="3lScvnYUpDE" isReel/>

To create a new vote:
- Click on the **Create Vote** button on the dashboard.
- Add a **title** and **description**.
- Use the description field to include links (e.g., to budgets), images (e.g., nominees), or tables for additional context. This way NemoVote enables features like **Candidate Profiles**.

<Tip>To enable *really fast motions*, you can leave the title and description empty. NemoVote will then add an automatic title with date and timestamp. </Tip>

### Setting Up Vote Choices
Watch this *18 seconds* video
<YouTube videoId="CM81SXWIUbg" isReel/>

NemoVote allows you to configure vote choices:
- **Motion Voting**: Use the *Make it a motion* Button for standard options like *In Favor, Against, Abstain*. You may still edit them and add or delete more choices
- **Custom Choices**: Create up to 100 choices. You can add or remove choices with the (+) ad (-) buttons.
- **Multiple Choice**:
 - Exactly: Specify the exact number of choices a voter can select.
 - Minumum/Maximum: Define a minimum and maximum range for selections.
 - **[More Information](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/multiple-choice-voting)**

<Tip>When voting on motions, *In Favor, Against, Abstain* will even be translated to the voters set language!</Tip>

### Explaining Vote Settings in Under A Minute
<YouTube videoId="dUheUSMiLNk" isReel/>

Customize your vote settings for a tailored experience:
 1. **Who can see the results?**: Result Visibility. Decide if results are visible to only admins or to both admins and voters.

 <Tip>Only voters that where eligible for a vote (i.e. in a voter list that was
 added to a vote) will be able to access the results. A voter cannot access a
 result for a vote where they had no right of participation</Tip>

 2. **Should the usernames of users who have already voted be displayed?**: Vote Casting Visibility. Track whether voters have cast their votes (but not their choices).
 3. **Should the voter’s choice remain anonymous?**: Secret vs. Non-Secret Votes. Secret Ballots are encyrpted and cannot be linked to a voter, even on database level. In a non-secret election, the administrator can view who cast which vote.
 4. **How should the voting weight be calculated?**: Voting Weight. Choose between individual weights or weights based on voter lists. **[More Information](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting)**

 5. **Should the results be accessible before the vote is closed?**: Live Results. Display real-time results or hide them until the vote closes.
 6. **Should new voters access the voting, after it has been opened?**: Allow changes to voter eligibility during an open vote. If this option is set to "Yes", newly added voters are automatically added to the respective vote and are granted voting rights. If they are deleted, they also lose their voting rights if they have not already voted. **[More Information](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/dynamic-voting-rights)**

 7. **Automatic Closing**: Schedule the vote to close automatically after a specific time.
 <Tip>Select the date and time within your local time zone! Users of other timezones
 will see this time calculated to their local timezone in „My votes" when the
 vote is opened.</Tip>

### Setting Up Voting Rights in 20 Seconds
<YouTube videoId="ynvYHC_AXCA" isReel/>

Assign voting rights to determine participation:
- **All Voters**: Default setting for general participation.
- **Subgroups**: Restrict participation to a specific subset of voters. Proxy voting is configured separately from voting rights, as its own setting per vote. See [Proxy Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/proxy-voting) to learn how to enable it and choose who's eligible.

---
## How to Open a Vote
<YouTube videoId="ehE5UbH6utU" isReel/>

Once your vote is set up, you can:
- Click **Create** and keep it in *draft mode* for further adjustments.
- Click **Create & Open** to activate the vote immediately. A pop-up will ask if you want to send email notifications to voters, providing a direct link to the vote.

---
## Managing Votes

### What Functions have Open and Closed Votes?
<YouTube videoId="yVtw5B2kUmA" isReel/>

Manage your votes efficiently:
- **Draft Votes**:
 - **Copy:** Create a duplicate for similar motions.
 - **Open:** Enable voters to cast their ballot.
 - **Edit:** Here you can edit the vote
 - **Delete**
- **Open Votes**:
 - **Copy:** Create a duplicate for similar motions.
 - **Close:** End the vote manually.
 - **Results:** Monitor live progress (if enabled).
 - **Projector-Mode:** Share results in a presentation-friendly mode. To use its full potential, use the [Full Screen Mode](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/full-screen)
 - **Share:** Copy the unique vote URL to distribute it via email, intranet, or social media. Login however, is still required.
- **Closed Votes**:
 - **Copy:** Create a duplicate for similar motions.
 - **Results:** View results of the closed vote within NemoVote.
 - **Voter Ballots:** Check individual ballots. For secret ballots, review the encrypted hash to proof record as cast.
 - **Projector-Mode:** Share results in a presentation-friendly mode. To use its full potential, use the [Full Screen Mode](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/full-screen)
 - **Export Results:** Download a PDF of the full or partial results.
 - **Delete**

---
## Got the Results?
Next learn **[How To Share the Results](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voting-results-sharing)**

---
## Conclusion and Support

With this guide, you’re ready to run successful elections using NemoVote. Read this article to understand [How to Start Your First Online Voting Project](/knowledge-base/getting-started/setting-up-nemovote). Still not sure? Reach out to us for live support during your election via team@nemovote.com

### Chapters
- [Introduction: How Does Multiple Choice Work in Online Voting?](#introduction-how-does-multiple-choice-work-in-online-voting)
- [What Is Multiple Choice in Online Elections?](#what-is-multiple-choice-in-online-elections)
- [Step 1: Setting Up Voting Options in NemoVote](#step-1-setting-up-voting-options-in-nemovote)
- [Step 2: Defining the Type of Multiple Choice](#step-2-defining-the-type-of-multiple-choice)
- [Configuring Exact Multiple Choice](#configuring-exact-multiple-choice)
- [Flexible Multiple Choice](#flexible-multiple-choice)
- [Voter View of a Multiple Choice Ballot](#voter-view-of-a-multiple-choice-ballot)
- [Frequently Asked Questions About Multiple Choice](#frequently-asked-questions-about-multiple-choice)
- [Examples of Using Multiple Choice](#examples-of-using-multiple-choice)
- [Why Choose NemoVote for Multiple Choice Elections?](#why-choose-nemovote-for-multiple-choice-elections)
- [Conclusion](#conclusion)

---
## Introduction: How Does Multiple Choice Work in Online Voting?
This article will guide you step by step on how to enable multiple-choice options in NemoVote, allowing voters to select more than one option per ballot. This ensures your elections are secure, transparent, and flexible.

Example scenario: You have 10 candidates for 3 positions. With multiple choice, voters can select exactly 3 out of 10 options or set a minimum and maximum number of choices.

---
## What Is Multiple Choice in Online Elections?

Multiple choice allows voters to cast multiple votes in a digital election. It’s ideal for:
- **Board elections** (e.g., select 3 out of 10 candidates),
- **Project prioritizations** (e.g., vote for at least 2, but no more than 5 projects),
- **Member decisions** where several options are available.

With NemoVote, you can create flexible elections tailored to your needs. The best part? The platform is GDPR-compliant and user-friendly.

---
## Step 1: Setting Up Voting Options in NemoVote

Watch our *18-second video* to see how easy it is to set up: 
<YouTube videoId="CM81SXWIUbg" isReel />

### Here’s How:
1. Create an election.
2. Navigate to **Vote Choices**.
3. Enable the **"Allow multiple choice"** option.
4. Choose between **Exact** or **Minimum/Maximum** settings.

---
## Step 2: Defining the Type of Multiple Choice

### Configuring Exact Multiple Choice

The *"Exact"* setting defines how many options voters must select. Examples:
- **Exactly 3**: Voters must select exactly 3 options.
- **Exactly 1**: Functions like a simple single-choice election.

**Advantages:**
- Precise control over voting.
- Ideal for elections with a fixed number of votes, like board elections.

---
### Flexible Multiple Choice

This option lets you set a minimum and maximum number of choices voters can make.
Examples:
- **Minimum 2, Maximum 5**: Voters must select at least 2 and no more than 5 options.
- **Minimum 0**: Voters can abstain (submit a blank ballot).

**Advantages:**
- Flexibility for complex elections.
- Adaptable for various needs, such as prioritizations or surveys.

<Tip>
 - **Minimum = 0**: Allows abstentions.
 - **Minimum = Maximum**: Works like exact multiple choice.
</Tip>

---
### Voter View of a Multiple Choice Ballot
![Voters casting multiple-choice ballots with NemoVote in just 10 seconds](/public/media/knowledge-base/multiple-choice-voter-view.gif)

---
## Frequently Asked Questions About Multiple Choice

### Can I use multiple choice in hybrid elections?
Yes, NemoVote supports fully digital, hybrid, and in-person elections. Multiple choice works in all scenarios.

### Is multiple choice GDPR-compliant?
Absolutely! NemoVote complies with all data privacy regulations and stores voter and election data in separate, secure databases.

### Can I change the multiple-choice settings after the election starts?
No, settings cannot be changed once the election opens for voters. Ensure everything is set up correctly beforehand. Otherwise, a new election must be created.

---
## Examples of Using Multiple Choice

### 1. Board Elections in Associations
An association has 10 candidates for 3 open positions. Members select exactly 3 individuals.

### 2. Corporate Surveys
A company wants employees to prioritize suggestions. Each employee can select at least 2 and at most 5 options.

### 3. Project Prioritization
An NGO team selects the top 5 projects to implement from a list of 15.

---
## Why Choose NemoVote for Multiple Choice Elections?

### Easy to Use
NemoVote is the **simplest software for secure online elections**. Intuitive operation, paired with extensive support and tutorials, makes it easy for election administrators and voters alike.

### Flexible Voting Modes
Multiple choice supports exact and minimum/maximum settings. Plus, there are other voting modes tailored to various election needs. **[Learn more](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)**

### GDPR-Compliant
NemoVote complies with GDPR regulations and provides secure, legally compliant elections. **[Learn more](/security)**

### Made for Any Election
Perfect for online elections, hybrid voting, and member meetings. Whether for a one-time event or an annual subscription, NemoVote offers flexible solutions for your organization.

Want to make sure?[Test our Free Live Demo Now](/live-demo)

---
### Conclusion:
The multiple-choice feature in NemoVote gives you maximum control and flexibility for your digital elections. Whether you need exact specifications or want to give voters more options, NemoVote helps you design the perfect ballot.

Got questions? Visit our **[Knowledge Base](/knowledge-base)** or contact our support team at team@nemovote.com!

### Chapters
- [What is Proxy Voting](#what-is-proxy-voting)
- [Organization-Wide Proxy Settings](#organization-wide-proxy-settings)
- [Enabling Proxy Voting for a Vote](#enabling-proxy-voting-for-a-vote)
- [Letting Voters Delegate Themselves](#letting-voters-delegate-themselves)
- [Creating a Delegation Yourself](#creating-a-delegation-yourself)
- [Managing All Delegations](#managing-all-delegations)
- [Proxy Voting with Weighted Votes](#proxy-voting-with-weighted-votes)
- [Important Notes](#important-notes)
- [Additional Resources](#additional-resources)

---

## What is Proxy Voting

Proxy voting, also called delegation or voting delegation, enables a voter who can't participate to delegate their voting right to another eligible voter. There are two ways to create a delegation: the voter sets it up themselves, or you create it directly on their behalf. Both are fully supported, and which one you use depends on your bylaws and the level of self-service you want to offer.

---

## Organization-Wide Proxy Settings

1. Go to **Voting Rights → Proxy Settings** to configure delegation rules for your organization in the proxy settings:
 1. Enable **permanent proxy voting**: This allows delegations to stand across future elections, provided they're enabled on each specific vote.
 2. Decide whether new delegations should also apply to votes that are **already open**—meaning whether delegation can happen during an active election.
 3. Optionally set **max delegations per voter**, to limit how many delegations a voter can receive at once and ensure compliance with your bylaws.
 <Tip>Once a voter reaches the maximum number, they're no longer available for selection by other voters seeking to delegate.</Tip>
2. When creating a vote, set **"Allow proxy voting?"** to Yes. Choose which voter list is eligible to receive delegations **for that specific election**.

<Tip>If a permanent delegation exists for a voter outside the selected voter list, it won't apply to that specific election. Voters must then cast their ballots themselves, even if they have a permanent delegation on file. This lets you clearly define when delegations are permitted, when they're not, and which voter groups may receive delegations for each specific election.</Tip>

Done. Voters can now delegate their vote themselves, or an election manager can create a delegation directly on a voter's behalf.

**Proxy Voting with weighted votes** 
If [weighted voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting) is enabled, a delegated ballot automatically carries the delegating voter's weight.

---

## Enabling Proxy Voting for a Vote

When creating or editing a vote, set **"Allow proxy voting?"** to Yes and choose which voter list is eligible to receive delegations. A delegation only transfers voting rights if the recipient is on one of the lists you select here.

---

## Letting Voters Delegate Themselves

If self-service fits your organization, voters can delegate their own vote from their personal proxy voting page.

<Related>[For detailed voter instructions](/knowledge-base/voter-functions/proxy-voting)</Related>

---

## Creating a Delegation Yourself

Some organizations don't want voters delegating on their own, and some delegations originate from outside the platform (for example, a paper proxy submitted at a meeting). For both cases, you can create the delegation yourself:

1. Go to **Voting Rights → Proxy Settings**.
2. Click **Create delegation**.
3. Search for the delegating voter—the one whose vote is being delegated.
4. Then select the recipient—the voter receiving the delegation.
5. Click **Create delegation**. The delegation now appears in the table of all delegations.

<Tip>Delegations created by an election manager can be deleted by the manager or the delegating voter at any time. The manager can optionally limit the delegation to a specific time period.</Tip>

---

## Managing All Delegations

The **All Delegations** table on the Voting Rights → Proxy Settings page lists every delegation in your organization, whether created by a voter or admin. Use the search bar to find a specific delegation.

The table shows: the delegating voter, the recipient voter, who created the delegation and when, when it becomes valid, and when it expires.

| Type | Created by | Can be deleted by |
|------|---|---|
| Voter | The voter themselves | Only that voter |
| Admin | An election manager | Any admin |

---

## Proxy Voting with Weighted Votes

If [weighted voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting) is enabled, a delegated ballot automatically carries the delegating voter's weight. No extra configuration is needed.

---

## Important Notes

- **Cascading delegations:** If voter A delegates to voter B, and B has also delegated onward to voter C, C casts all the accumulated ballots.
- **Revocation:** If a delegation is deleted before the recipient has voted, the voting right transfers back automatically. After the ballot has been cast, it cannot be reversed.
- **Deletion rules:** You can only delete delegations with Type "Admin." Voter-created delegations can only be removed by that voter or, in individual cases, by the NemoVote team.

---

## Additional Resources

- [Manage Voter Lists](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-list-management)
- [Weighted Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting)
- [Proxy Voting for Voters](/knowledge-base/voter-functions/proxy-voting)
- [System Settings](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/system-management)

### Chapters
- [Introduction and Overview](#introduction-and-overview)
- [Option 1: Reset Password by Voter](#option-1-reset-password-by-voter)
- [Option 2: Reset Password by Administrator](#option-2-reset-password-by-administrator)
 - [Via Invitation Email](#via-invitation-email)
 - [Manual Reset](#manual-password-reset-by-administrator)
- [Recommendation: Password Change After Reset](#recommendation-password-change-after-reset)
- [Conclusion and Further Assistance](#conclusion-and-further-assistance)

---
## Introduction and Overview

In NemoVote, there are three ways to reset passwords: 
1. **Voters can reset their password themselves.** 
2. **Administrators can send a new invitation email.** 
3. **Administrators can manually reset a password.**

This article explains the steps and use cases for each method.

 
<Related>See also: **[User Management in NemoVote]()**</Related>

---
## Option 1: Reset Password by Voter

If a voter forgets their password and cannot log in, they can use the **"Forgot Password?"** option in the login window:

![Forgot Password](/public/media/knowledge-base/password-reset-voter-view.gif)

1. **Open the Login Window:** Go to the NemoVote platform URL. 
2. **Click "Forgot Password?":** This will open a form. 
3. **Enter Email Address or Username:** Enter the email address you used to register. 
4. **Select "Reset Password":** An email with a link or new password will be sent to the voter. 
5. **Check Email and Use New Password:** Log in with the new password.

**Note:** The voter will be prompted to change their password after the first login to ensure security.

---
## Option 2: Reset Password by Administrator

### Via Invitation Email

Administrators can send a new invitation email to a voter containing a newly generated password. This can be done through the user management section: 
![Resend Invitation Email](/media/knowledge-base/reset-email-invitation.gif)

1. **Go to User Management:** Open the **"User Management"** section in the platform. 
2. **Select Voter:** Find the relevant voter in the list. 
3. **Resend Email:** Click the **envelope icon** next to the voter's name. 
4. **Invitation Email Sent:** The voter will receive a new email with a password link.

**Advantage:** The administrator does not see or need to set the voter's password manually.

---
### Manual Password Reset by Administrator

Ideal for live election events or similar situations where voters approach the admin desk directly. Here's how to manually reset a password: 
![Admin Changes Password for Voter](/media/knowledge-base/change-password-admin.gif)

1. **Go to User Management:** Navigate to the user management section in NemoVote. 
2. **Change Password:** Click the **key icon** in the relevant voter's row. 
3. **Enter a New Password:** Enter and confirm a temporary password. 
4. **Inform Voter:** Provide the new password directly to the voter.

---
## Recommendation: Password Change After Reset

Regardless of the method used, it is strongly recommended that the voter manually changes their password after it has been reset. This ensures the security of their voting account.

---
## Conclusion and Further Assistance

Resetting passwords in NemoVote is straightforward and secure. Whether done by the voter or with the help of an administrator, each method is designed for quick issue resolution and data privacy. 

<Related>Need further help? Contact us via our **[Support Center]()** or check out our **[User Management Guide]()**.</Related>

### Chapters
- [Introduction and Overview](#introduction-and-overview)
- [How the Roll Call Feature Works](#how-the-roll-call-feature-works)
 - [Filter by Voter List](#filter-by-voter-list)
 - [Real-Time Online Status](#real-time-online-status)
- [Why Use the Roll Call Feature?](#why-use-the-roll-call-feature)
- [Conclusion and Further Assistance](#conclusion-and-further-assistance)

---
## Introduction and Overview

The **Roll Call** feature in NemoVote allows administrators to monitor in real-time which voters are currently logged into the platform. This tool is especially helpful during live elections, giving admins a clear overview of voter engagement and activity.

This article explains how the feature works and its benefits.

 
<Related>See also: **[User Management in NemoVote]()**</Related>

---
## How the Roll Call Feature Works

The Roll Call feature is designed to provide a simple yet powerful overview of voter activity. It includes three main sections: filters, status counts, and a detailed voter list.
![Rollcall Feature explained for live quorum](/media/knowledge-base/rollcall-explained.gif)

### Filter by Voter List

At the top of the Roll Call view, administrators can choose whether to display:
- **All voters** (from the "All Voters" list), or
- **Voters from a specific voter list.**

This filter makes it easy to focus on relevant groups during elections.

### Real-Time Online Status

The Roll Call view displays three key data points:
1. **Online voters:** Shown on the left-hand side with a live count of currently logged-in voters.
2. **Offline voters:** Displayed on the right-hand side with the number of voters who are not logged in.
3. **Total voters:** Shown in the center under "Total," reflecting the total number of voters in the selected list.

Below these counts, a table provides a detailed breakdown of individual voter statuses:
- **Green checkmarks** (✅) indicate voters who are online.
- **Red "X" marks** (❌) indicate voters who are offline.

The Roll Call feature updates live, so any voter who logs in will immediately appear as online.

---
## Why Use the Roll Call Feature?

### Ensuring Quorum

The primary use case of this feature is monitoring **quorum** during votes. You can ensure that the minimum number of required voters is online to make decisions valid. This makes the feature essential for:
- General assemblies
- Board elections
- Votes requiring quorum compliance

### Real-Time Insights

With real-time data, you can directly monitor voter activity and take action if necessary to encourage inactive voters to log in.

### Improved Transparency

The clear overview of logged-in and offline voters builds trust and ensures transparency throughout the voting process.

---
## Conclusion and Further Assistance

The Roll Call feature in NemoVote provides administrators with a real-time overview of voter activity, ensuring smooth and transparent election processes. Whether you're managing a small group or a large voter base, this tool simplifies tracking and troubleshooting.

<Related>Need further help? Contact us via our **[Contact Form](/contact)** or check out our **[How To Set Up NemoVote Guide](/knowledge-base/getting-started/setting-up-nemovote)** for more tips.</Related>

### Chapters

- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [What Is Sealed Voting?](#what-is-sealed-voting)
 - [When Do You Need Sealed Voting?](#when-do-you-need-sealed-voting)
 - [How Does Sealed Voting Work in NemoVote?](#how-does-sealed-voting-work-in-nemovote)
- [Step-by-Step: Setting Up Sealed Voting](#step-by-step-setting-up-sealed-voting)
 - [Activate Sealed Voting When Creating a Vote](#activate-sealed-voting-when-creating-a-vote)
 - [Breaking the Seal and Displaying Results](#breaking-the-seal-and-displaying-results)
- [Audit Trail and Transparency](#audit-trail-and-transparency)
- [Best Practices for Sealed Voting](#best-practices-for-sealed-voting)
- [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
- [Next Steps](#next-steps)

---

## Introduction

**Sealed Voting** is a security and transparency feature that keeps voting results hidden until deliberately unsealed by an admin. This prevents accidental result leaks, enables coordinated announcements, and creates a reliable audit trail.

This guide shows you how to set up sealed voting, break the seal, and use the audit log.

---

## What Is Sealed Voting?

### When Do You Need Sealed Voting?

Sealed Voting is ideal for these scenarios:

**1. Coordinated Communication**
- You want to announce results only after an official statement
- All stakeholders should be informed simultaneously

**2. Compliance and Audit Requirements**
- When a notary or all observers need to be present to open the results
- Regulations that require traceability of who disclosed results and when
- Transparent access to voting results through documented admin actions


---

### How Does Sealed Voting Work in NemoVote?

Whether or not results are being visible for administrators or administrators *and* voters depends on the settings of the vote.

**Live voting:**
1. Vote runs → Results are visible in real time as ballots come.

**After the vote is closed**
1. Vote runs → Results are **hidden**
2. Vote cloeses -> Results are visible

**Sealed voting:**
1. Vote runs → Results are **hidden**
2. Vote closes → Seal remains active
3. Admin breaks seal → Results are displayed
4. Audit trail records: Who, when, with which username broke the seal

---

## Step-by-Step: Setting Up Sealed Voting

### Activate Sealed Voting When Creating a Vote

**When setting up a new online voting process:**

1. Open the NemoVote admin dashboard and click **Create Vote**
2. Fill in basic info (title, description)
3. Go to **Vote Settings**
4. Find **"When should the results be accessible?"**
5. Toggle it **After the seal is broken**
6. Save the vote draft

<Tip>
Sealed voting can only be enabled during creation. You cannot add it later to an open or closed vote.
</Tip>

**What happens during the vote:**
- Voters can vote normally
- Admins **cannot see** the results until the seal is broken
- If the vote closes, the seal remains active

---

### Breaking the Seal and Displaying Results

Once the vote closes, you can break the seal and release the results.

**How it works:**

1. Open the closed vote in the admin dashboard
2. Navigate to **Results**
3. You see a message: **"This vote is sealed. Results are not visible."**
4. Click the button **"Break Seal"**
5. Confirm the action
6. Results are now displayed

![An administrator breaks the seal on a closed vote to release results. The video shows the complete process, including the audit trail with timestamp and username.](/media/knowledge-base/sealed-voting.gif)
*Breaking the Seal: Releasing Results*

**After breaking the seal:**
- All results are visible (percentages, vote counts, charts)
- Ballot comments are displayed (if enabled)
- Vote comments are displayed (if added)
- PDF export can be performed

---

## Audit Trail and Transparency

### Who Broke the Seal?

NemoVote logs every time an admin breaks a seal:

**What is recorded:**
- **Username** of the admin who broke the seal
- **Timestamp** (date and time)
- **Action**: "Seal broken"

**Where to view it:**
- In the admin dashboard under **Voting Results → Settings**

The voting results settings transparently show that the seal was broken, along with the exact timestamp and username of who broke it.

### Why This Matters

The audit trail creates **accountability and trust**:
- It's documented who accessed the results
- Timestamps prove when the release happened
- Manipulation is impossible: The seal can only be actively broken.

---

## Best Practices for Sealed Voting

### Plan Before Creating the Vote

Decide **before** vote creation:
- Do you really need sealed voting, or is regular access sufficient?
- Who may break the seal? (Usually only admins, potentially organizers)
- When should the seal be broken? (Immediately after vote closes or later?)


### Document for Later

After breaking the seal:
- The audit trail is automatically saved in the vote results export

---

## Frequently Asked Questions

<Accordion>
 <AccordionItem 
 question="When do I need sealed voting?" 
 answer="For extraordinary formal elections where the results either must not be accessible yet (Award show with opening ceremony) Or only if all stakeholders are present, such as observers or notaries."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Can I reactivate the seal after breaking it?" 
 answer="No. Once the seal is broken, the vote is open. The seal cannot be reactivated."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What happens if I export the vote while the seal is active?" 
 answer="Exports are only available after the seal is broken."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Who can break the seal?" 
 answer="Only admins or organizers with the permissions. You define who has this role."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="Is the audit trail exported when I save results as PDF?" 
 answer="Yes. The export, displaying the vote settings, presents who and when the seal has been broken."
 />
 <AccordionItem 
 question="What's the difference between sealed voting and anonymous votes?" 
 answer="Sealed voting hides **results** until release. Anonymous votes hide **voter identity**. Both can be used together."
 />
</Accordion>

---

## Next Steps

You're ready to use sealed voting. More resources:

- **Export voting results**: [Export Results as PDF](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/export-results-pdf)
- **Vote management**: [Step-by-Step Election Management with NemoVote](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)
- **Security and compliance**: [Security and Compliance in NemoVote](/security)

## Using Projector Mode in NemoVote

With Projector Mode in NemoVote, election results can be displayed in a separate window—ideal for meetings, presentations, or video conferences.
Administrators have full control over the displayed information, such as:

- Should votes be displayed as percentages or absolute numbers?
- Which results should be visible?

This ensures transparent and clear presentation of election results.

<Tip> We suggest to combine projector mode with [**full screen mode**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/full-screen)</Tip>

![Projector Mode in One Step](/public/media/knowledge-base/projector-mode.gif)

---
## Activating Projector Mode

### Direct Access to the Projector View

To display election results on a projector or shared screen:
1. **Projector Icon**: For **open** or **closed elections**, select the projector icon to display results in full screen.
2. We also recommend enabling full-screen mode.
3. Customize the displayed results.

### Alternative: Activation via Live Results

1. **Navigate to results**: Open the overview of an ongoing or completed election.
2. **Start Projector Mode**: Click **"Actions"**, then select **"Projector View"** to display the results.
3. **Optimize display**: A window will open, allowing you to adjust the presentation.

<YouTube videoId="O-x4WDnncJA"/> 

---
## Customizing the Result Display

### Choosing Display Options

In Projector Mode, you can choose which data to display:

- Results as percentages or absolute numbers
- Display of the possible total number of votes

These options help ensure that only relevant information is presented.

### Benefits of Flexible Display

By customizing the results, you can:

- Hide sensitive data when needed
- Ensure transparency for all participants
- Make presentations more professional

---
## Recommended Use Cases

### Meetings and Conferences

Projector Mode is particularly useful for:

- Presentations in general assemblies
- Board elections and committee meetings
- Video conferences with screen sharing

### Clear and Transparent Election Results

Thanks to its structured display, Projector Mode ensures clear and understandable election results—regardless of the event format.

---
## Conclusion and Further Assistance

With Projector Mode, you retain control over how election results are displayed, ensuring a professional presentation.

<Related>Need more help? Check out our **[guide on results management](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voting-results-sharing)** or visit our **[support center](/knowledge-base)**</Related>

### Chapters
- [Introduction and Overview](#introduction-and-overview)
- [Language Settings](#language-settings)
- [Voter Invitation Email](#voter-invitation-email)
- [Voter Welcome Page](#voter-welcome-page)
- [Authentication Settings](#authentication-settings)
 - [Login via Magic Links](#login-via-magic-links)
 - [Login via Username and Password](#login-via-username-and-password)
 - [Login via Single Sign On (SSO)](#login-via-single-sign-on-sso)
 - [Social Login](#social-login)
- [Delete Data](#delete-data)
- [Conclusion and Further Help](#conclusion-and-further-help)

---
## Introduction and Overview 

In the system settings of NemoVote, administrators can manage several central functions. These include deleting data, adjusting language settings, and editing invitation emails and the welcome page for voters, as well as the authentication mechanics.

---
## Language Settings 

As an administrator, you can define the default language of NemoVote. This language will automatically be applied to voters and voter invitation emails. 
Once voters have been created, the previously set language becomes their default language. Voters then receive all emails in this language. If you want to change the language afterward, you need to delete the respective voters, set the default language correctly, and add the voters again.

<Tip>Note: Voters can individually adjust their own language settings after logging in.</Tip>
 

---
## Voter Invitation Email 

In this section, you can customize the content of the invitation and login data that NemoVote sends to voters. 

You can: 

- Change the email subject 
- Add additional information or explanations for your voters 
- Translate the text into your organization’s preferred language 

<Related>Learn more about how the [**Voter Invitation is best prepared**](/knowledge-base/getting-started/voter-invitation-email)</Related>
 

---
## Voter Welcome Page 

Administrators can set up a custom welcome page that voters see when logging in for the first time. 

This page can be customized using a rich-text editor and allows you to: 

- Provide important information about your event 
- Add text, links, and images 
- Give voters better orientation 

<Related>Learn more about how the [**Voter Welcome Page is made easy to understand**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-welcome-page)</Related>
 

---
## Authentication Settings 

With Magic Links, NemoVote offers the simplest secure voting process thanks to authenticated one-click access. 
However, it’s up to you whether you want to use Magic Links or not.

NemoVote provides the following authentication options:
- Magic Links 
- Classic login (username and password) 
- Single Sign On (SSO) 
- Social Login (e.g. with a Google account) 

Since SSO and Social Login require technical setup, we only activate these on request and with a technical contact person. 

In the authentication settings, you can therefore choose between Magic Link and classic login.

### Login via Magic Links

The Magic Link or "email voting" is an authentication method that sends individual links to each voter. These links already contain the username and password of the respective voter, allowing them to directly access their personalized ballot with a single click.

**Advantages of Magic Links:**
- Easy access 
- Easier distribution of logins 
- Speed: From receiving the link to voting in 10 seconds 
- Less prone to error since no passwords must be entered 
- Lower support effort 
- Same security level as username and password 

**Disadvantages of email voting:**
- Requires valid email addresses 
- Access links may occasionally land in spam; in that case, voters should use the [classic login](#login-via-username-and-password) instead 

For enhanced security settings, Magic Links can be configured for single or multiple use. 

In practice, we recommend allowing multiple use to avoid voter confusion. This allows voters to log in multiple times but vote only once, since each Magic Link is tied to a specific account. Each account can cast a vote only once (according to the election settings). After that, a new Magic Link must be requested.

Additionally, you can define an expiration time for the Magic Link. Each Magic Link also becomes invalid if the voter is deleted from NemoVote.

### Login via Username and Password

**Advantages of classic login:**
- No email address required 
- Allows distributing access credentials, e.g. via member IDs 
- Can also be sent via postal mail 

**Disadvantages of usernames and passwords:**
- Unneccessarry additional steps
- Higher error rate

The high error rate when copying and pasting passwords has resulted in 98% of all NemoVote users now voting with Magic Links.

### Login via Single Sign On (SSO)

Single Sign On is especially popular in corporate contexts. Enterprise customers use existing logins—for example, from their intranet, Microsoft, or member platforms—to access NemoVote with a single click. You’re essentially already logged in through another system using the same credentials. 

**Advantages of Single Sign On (SSO):**
- Easier for users 
- No email addresses required 
- Increased security as no emails need to be shared 
- Access always works 

**Disadvantages of SSO:**
- All voters need a shared infrastructure 
- In organizations, the login credentials for member portals are often unknown 
- Implementation is more complex than using Magic Links 
- Requires IT support 

### Social Login 

Social Login is theoretically possible, but has not yet been used, since Magic Links are superior in every aspect.

---
## Delete Data 

Administrators can permanently remove certain data from the database, including: 

- [**Voters**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/user-management)
- [**Elections**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)
- [**Voter lists**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-list-management)
- [**Voter Invitation Email**](/knowledge-base/getting-started/voter-invitation-email) 
- [**Voter Welcome Page**](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-welcome-page) 

### How to delete 
1. Select the data you want to delete. 
2. Confirm the deletion in the following dialog box. 

<Tip>Important note: Once deleted, data cannot be restored.</Tip>
 

---
## Conclusion and Further Help 

NemoVote’s system settings allow for simple customization of important core functions. 

<Related>Need more help? Read more articles in our **[Knowledge Base](/knowledge-base)** or **[further guides on managing elections](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/managing-votes-admin)**</Related>

### Chapters
- [Introduction to Voting User Management](#introduction-to-voting-user-management)
- [Access Levels in NemoVote](#access-levels-in-nemovote)
- [User Management Functions](#user-management-functions)
 - [User Characteristics](#user-characteristics)
 - [Adding Voters](#adding-voters)
 - [Updating User Information](#updating-user-information)
 - [Sending Credential Emails](#sending-credential-emails)
 - [Changing Voter Passwords](#changing-voter-passwords)
- [User Overview](#user-overview)
- [Conclusion](#conclusion)

---
## Introduction to Voting User Management

In this article, we explore NemoVote’s User Management system, focusing on how to effectively manage voting users and election participants. Learn how to add voters, send login emails, and more to ensure a smooth voting process.

![Advanced Voter Election Management Online Voting](/public/media/knowledge-base/advanced-user-management.gif)
---
## Access Levels in NemoVote

NemoVote offers two distinct access levels: Administrator and Voter.

- **Administrator**: Has comprehensive control over the NemoVote workspace, including access to all **[admin functions](/knowledge-base/admin-functions)**, opening and closing votes, deleting data, and accessing results.

 <Tip>**Security Note**: Administrators do not have voting rights to ensure transparency and security. If an administrator needs to vote, they must set up an additional voter account.</Tip>

- **Voter**: Can participate in votes if added to the required voter list and access public results. All Voters are automatically added in the "All Voters" Voter Lists. More details in **[voter functions](/knowledge-base/voter-functions)**.

---
## User Management Functions

The User Management section is your central hub for managing all user-related tasks. Here, you can add, delete, edit users, and send credentials.

### User Characteristics

Each user in NemoVote has several key characteristics:
- **Username**: The primary identifier in NemoVote, tied to voting privileges and must be unique.
- **Email (optional)**: Used for password resets and voting notifications.
- **Display Name (optional)**: The name shown to other users within the app.
- **Access Level**: Either Administrator or Voter.
- **Password**: Secure access credential.
- **Individual Voting Weight**: Initially set to 1, but can be modified.

### Adding Voters

- **Individually**: Add a single user by clicking "Add user" and filling out the required fields. Ideal for ad-hoc invitations.
- **Multiple Voters**: For adding multiple voters, refer to the detailed guide in **[Voter Onboarding](/knowledge-base/getting-started/voter-onboarding)**.

### Updating User Information

Edit user details through the "Edit User" menu. Note that usernames cannot be changed once created. To change a username, delete the user and create a new one.

### Sending Credential Emails

You can send credential emails **individually**, by **[voter group](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-list-management)**, or to **all voters at once.**

<Tip>**Warning**: Sending credential emails resets user passwords. You can also reset passwords for individual voters via the User Management section.</Tip>

### Changing Voter Passwords

Learn more about password reset options in NemoVote: **[Change Voter Password](/knowledge-base/voter-functions/reset-change-password)**.

---
## User Overview

The User Management section provides an overview of each voter, including:
- Username
- Display Name
- Access Level
- Last Login: Shows the last login time for each user, helping you support users and ensure they can participate in elections.
- Vote Weighting: Displays the voting weight for each user, which can be adjusted for groups or individuals. More details in **[Weighted Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting)**.
- Credential Mail Status: Indicates whether credential emails have been sent successfully, if there was an error, or if they haven't been sent yet.
- Actions: Allows additional actions for existing accounts, such as updating user information, resetting credentials, deleting users, and sending individual credentials.

---
## Conclusion

Effective user management is crucial for smooth election processes. NemoVote’s User Management system provides the tools needed to manage voters efficiently, ensuring secure and transparent elections.

---

### Chapters
- [Introduction to Voter Lists](#introduction-to-voter-lists)
- [What is a Voter List](#what-is-a-voter-list)
 - [Example Use Cases for Voter Lists](#example-use-cases-for-voter-lists)
- [Voter List Manager](#voter-list-manager)
 - [Creating a New Voter List](#creating-a-new-voter-list)
 - [Naming the Voter List](#naming-the-voter-list)
 - [Assigning Weight to the Voter List](#assigning-weight-to-the-voter-list)
 - [Weighting Based on Individual Voters](#weighting-based-on-individual-voters)
 - [Voter List Members](#voter-list-members)
- [Other Voter List Manager Options](#other-voter-list-manager-options)
- [Editing Voter Lists](#editing-voter-lists)
- [The "All Voters" Voter List](#the-all-voters-voter-list)
- [Conclusion](#conclusion)

---
## Introduction to Voter Lists

In this article, we explore NemoVote’s Voter List Management. Learn how to effectively use voter lists to organize and manage voting rights for different groups of voters.

![Voter Subgroups and Weighting](/public/media/knowledge-base/unlimited-voter-lists.png)

---
## What is a Voter List

In NemoVote, you can group voters into various voter lists to assign them voting rights. A single voter can belong to multiple voter lists simultaneously. When creating or drafting a new vote, you assign one or more voter lists to determine eligibility.

You can also assign a weight to each voter list. More information can be found in **[Weighted Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting)**.

### Example Use Cases for Voter Lists

- **Group** users by **different regions** (e.g., one organization per country, with votes restricted to European members).
- **Assign different weights** to various voter groups (e.g., larger countries with a weight of "2" and smaller ones with a weight of "1").
- **Restrict participation to a specific subgroup**, such as a committee or board. Looking to delegate a vote to someone else? That's handled separately. See [Proxy Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/proxy-voting).

---
## Voter List Manager

In the voter list manager, you can view, edit, delete, and create new voter lists. Each voter list includes a name, weight, prioritized calculation, a list of included voters, and the total number of votes assigned to that list.

![Creating a New Voter List](/public/media/knowledge-base/creating-voter-group.gif)

### Creating a New Voter List

Learn how to create a new voter list by clicking "Create New Voter List" in the Voter List Manager.

### Naming the Voter List

Assign any name to a voter list, such as "Europe" or "Board Members".

### Assigning Weight to the Voter List

Assign a weight to a voter list using any decimal number. For example, if a voter list has a weight of 2, voters in that list will count double compared to a list with a weight of 1.

### Weighting Based on Individual Voters

Instead of using weighting at the individual level for an entire vote, you can use it for specific voter lists. Select "Use weighting of voter lists" when creating a vote, and configure the setting "Use weighting of each individual voter" for specific lists.

**Homeowner Association Voting Example**: A Homeowner Association (HoA) votes for several houses. Each house has several apartments, and each apartment owner receives a weight according to the number of apartments owned. Voters can then be grouped into a voter list, e.g., House A, while the weight needs to stay individual for each voter.

**Note:** If you're looking to let one voter cast a ballot on behalf of another, including their voting weight, that's handled by [Proxy Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/proxy-voting) directly. Weight transfers automatically with the delegation, no voter list setup required.

<Related>**See also**: **[Weighted Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/weighted-voting)**</Related>

### Voter List Members

Assign voters to be members of a specific voter list. If a voter list is granted voting rights for a particular election, every member of the list can cast their ballot for that vote.

---
## Other Voter List Manager Options

In the Voter List Manager, you can view a table showing existing voter lists, member counts, and the number of votes each list has been used in. Click the ballot icon to see a sortable list of all votes in which the list was granted voting rights. You can also edit or delete voter lists through the menu.

---
## Editing Voter Lists

<Tip>**Important**: Editing voter lists only affects voting rights if the "Should new voters access the voting after it has been opened" function is activated—and only for voters who have not yet cast their vote. Votes that have already been cast and evaluated cannot be changed using this function to protect the immutability and integrity of the results.</Tip>

---
## The All Voters Voter List

NemoVote includes a permanent "All Voters" voter list, which automatically contains all created voters in the database. This list is ideal for organizations that do not need multiple voter lists and want to start voting quickly.

Whenever you want a vote to include all voters, you can choose the "All Voters" voter list. This list is permanent and cannot be edited or deleted.

---
## Conclusion

Effective management of voter lists is crucial for organizing and conducting elections. NemoVote’s Voter List Management system provides the tools needed to manage voter groups efficiently, ensuring secure and transparent elections.

---


### Chapters
- [Introduction to the Voter Welcome Page](#introduction-to-the-voter-welcome-page)
- [Enabling and Editing the Welcome Page](#enabling-and-editing-the-welcome-page)
  - [Using the Rich Text Editor](#using-the-rich-text-editor)
  - [Adding Custom Content](#adding-custom-voting-content)
- [Benefits of a Customizable Voting Solution](#benefits-of-a-customizable-voting-solution)
- [Live Voting Considerations](#live-voting-considerations)
- [Conclusion](#conclusion)

---
## Introduction to the Voter Welcome Page

The Voter Welcome Page in NemoVote is a powerful tool for enhancing voter engagement and providing essential information, especially in live voting scenarios. This page serves as the first point of contact for voters after they log in, making it crucial for setting the tone for the voting process.

![Individualized Voter Welcome Page](/public/media/knowledge-base/customizable-voter-welcome.gif)

---
## Enabling and Editing the Welcome Page

You can enable and edit the voter welcome page in the System Management section. When enabled, this page is the first thing voters see upon logging into NemoVote.

### Using the Rich Text Editor

The rich text editor allows you to customize the welcome page extensively. You can:
- Add text to provide instructions or important information about the election.
- Include links to external resources or additional documentation.
- Embed images or videos to make the page visually engaging.
- Format the text using headers, bullet points, and other styling options to enhance readability.

### Examples of Good Content on the Welcome Page
- Agenda of voting event
- Contact details of election comittee
- List of candidates
- Support information (E.g. this [Video](https://youtu.be/4QBcUPlaWgU))

### Adding Custom Voting Content

By adding custom content, you can tailor the welcome page to meet the specific needs of your election. For example:
- **Individual Voting Instructions**: Provide step-by-step guides or FAQs to help voters navigate the voting process.
- **Event-Specific Information**: Share details about the election, such as deadlines, candidate profiles, or voting procedures.

---
## Benefits of a Customizable Voting Solution

A customizable voter welcome page offers several advantages:
- **Enhanced Voter Engagement**: A well-designed welcome page can engage voters and encourage participation.
- **Improved Communication**: Provide clear and concise information to ensure voters understand the process and their role in it.
- **Flexibility**: Adapt the page to different types of elections or voter groups, ensuring relevance and effectiveness.

---
## Live Voting Considerations

For live voting events, the welcome page can be particularly impactful:
- **Real-Time Updates**: Use the welcome page to provide real-time updates, announcements or the agenda during the voting process.
- **Interactive Elements**: Include interactive features like quick links to voting resources.
- **First Level Support**: Link to videos and informative articles to support the voters as first level self-service support.

This is the mobile voter welcome view:
![Mobile Voting Welcome](/public/media/knowledge-base/voter-welcome-view.gif)
---
## Conclusion

The Voter Welcome Page is a versatile feature that allows you to create a personalized and engaging experience for voters. By leveraging the rich text editor and adding custom content, you can enhance voter engagement, improve communication, and maintain a professional appearance throughout the voting process, especially in live voting scenarios.

---


### Chapters
- [What are voting results in NemoVote?](#what-are-voting-results-in-nemovote)
- [Sharing voting results](#sharing-voting-results)
 - [Live results for administrators during elections](#live-results-for-administrators-during-elections)
 - [Live results for voters during elections](#live-results-for-voters-during-elections)
 - [Exporting results](#exporting-results-after-the-election)
- [Exporting the results](#what-do-voting-results-in-nemovote-look-like)
- [Conclusion and best practices](#conclusion-and-best-practices)

---
## What are voting results in NemoVote?
Voting results in NemoVote provide a clear overview of all cast votes and are accessible in two ways: **real-time results during the election** and **exportable results after the voting concludes**.

---
## Sharing voting results

### Live results for administrators during elections
During an ongoing election, administrators can view results in real time. This feature ensures you stay on top of the process and monitor the election’s progress directly.

This 30 second video demonstrates how to share voting results using NemoVote:
<YouTube videoId="O-x4WDnncJA"/>

<Tip>The **[Projector Mode](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/show-results-on-projector)** enhances the presentation of results.</Tip>

### Live results for voters during elections
Administrators can also enable an option allowing **voters to view results live**. After casting their ballot, voters can immediately - or only after the election, depending on the vote setting - see the election outcomes within the platform. This feature promotes transparency, easens the sharing process and builds trust in the voting process.

![Voting results in NemoVote from a voter's perspective](/public/media/knowledge-base/voting-results-voter-view.gif)

### Exporting results after the election
Once voting concludes, you can easily export the results. These are provided in **table format** and include all relevant data for legal archiving or sharing with voters.

Refer to our article **[Export Voting Results – Download for Legal Compliance](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/export-results-pdf)** for detailed instructions on exporting results as a PDF or other formats, as well as tips for sharing and archiving them securely and transparently.

---
## What do voting results in NemoVote look like?
Results are displayed in a table by default. The following information is included in the columns:

1. **Column number** – Sequential numbering for easy reference.
2. **Options** – The different voting choices.
3. **Weighted total results** – The overall outcome accounting for vote weights.
4. **Number of ballots submitted** – The count of votes cast per option.
5. **Individual ballots** – A list of individual ballots, if needed.
6. **Possible total number of votes** – The maximum number of votes that could be cast.
7. **Percentage of possible total votes** – The percentage of cast votes relative to the maximum possible.

Each column can be toggled on or off as needed, allowing you to tailor the display to the desired information. This flexibility makes the results ideal for presentations, reports, or internal archiving.

---
## Conclusion and best practices
With NemoVote, managing voting results is efficient and secure. Whether sharing live results, enabling voter visibility, or exporting data for legal purposes, these features give you full control over your election data.
**[Test NemoVote free now](/live-demo)**

<Related>**See also**: **[How voters cast their ballots securely](/knowledge-base/voter-functions/voting)**</Related>

### Chapters
- [Introduction to Vote Weighting](#introduction-to-vote-weighting)
- [Applying weighted voting according to statute](#application-of-weighted-voting-according-to-your-statute)
 - [Weighting by Voter Lists](#weighting-by-voter-lists)
 - [Individual Voter Weighting](#individual-voter-weighting)
 - [Applying Individual Weighting to Specific Voter Lists](#applying-individual-weighting-to-specific-voter-lists)
 - [Proxy Voting with weighted votes](#proxy-voting-with-weighted-votes)
- [How Weighted Votes Are Calculated](#how-weighted-votes-are-calculated)
- [Additional Resources](#additional-resources)

![Weighted Voting setting up in the ballot preparation, vote draft in NemoVote](/media/features/weighted-voting.gif)

---
## Introduction to Vote Weighting

Weighted voting allows organizations using NemoVote to assign different voting power to members or voters based on their role, status, or other criteria. For example, one voter’s ballot can count as three votes, while another’s counts as one.

This flexibility supports complex governance structures and ensures fair representation. NemoVote supports two main methods to assign weights, each designed to adapt to your organizational needs.

If you use weighted voting alongside [proxy voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/proxy-voting), a delegated ballot automatically carries the delegating voter's weight.
More on this [down below](#proxy-voting-with-weighted-votes).

---
## Application of weighted voting according to your statute

### Weighting by Voter Lists

![Voter sub-groups listing page for online voting in NemoVote](/public/media/knowledge-base/unlimited-voter-lists.png)

One efficient way to manage vote weighting is by assigning a weight to an entire voter list. 

- All voters in a list share the same weight. 
- The same voter can belong to multiple lists, each with different weights. 

For instance, a voter in “Voting List 1” with weight 1 and simultaneously in “Voting List 5” with weight 5 will have multiple vote weights applied during the election and can cast two seperate ballots.

This approach simplifies management when groups of voters have equal influence.

---
### Individual Voter Weighting

![setting up individual voter weight in the voter batch upload](/media/features/batch-user-upload.gif)

Alternatively, weights can be assigned on an individual level per voter.

- Each voter has a custom weight set during creation or editing in User Management.
- The weight is displayed in the “Vote Weight” column.
- You may edit the weight using the pencil icon (edit)

[Batch upload also supports weights](/knowledge-base/getting-started/voter-onboarding#step-3-bulk-uploading-voters) by including predefined values in your spreadsheet.

Use individual weighting, if:
- Voter have a individuell voting weight depending on shares, level or organizational size
- Specific persons have unique voting rights
- Specific voters have a interchangable weight
- Weighting is not strictly group based
- You need detailed control for each voter

---
### Applying Individual Weighting to Specific Voter Lists

NemoVote also supports mixing the methods by applying individual weighting only to certain voter lists in a vote.

- Select *“Use weighting of voter lists”* when creating the vote. 
- Create specific lists with the setting *“Use weighting of individual voter"*.

When a voter votes via such a list, their personal weight is applied instead of the list’s weight, while other lists use their predefined weights.

This approach allows combining group-level and individual-level weighting flexibly.

<Tip>Remember, with this setting individual weights assigned at the vote level override any list-level weighting.</Tip>

### Proxy Voting with weighted votes

Read how to set up [Proxy Voting](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/proxy-voting) in detail.

When a voter delegates their vote, their voting weight transfers automatically with the delegation, no voter list setup required. This means the proxy holder can:

- Vote with their own ballot, using their own weight
- Cast an additional ballot on behalf of the person who delegated to them, using that person's weight

**[IMAGE/VIDEO PLACEHOLDER]** — shows a short recording of a voter with a visible weight delegating their vote, and the recipient's ballot showing the transferred weight.

---
## How Weighted Votes Are Calculated

![results calculation for weighted voting, voting weight 1](/media/features/live-results.gif)

Weighted votes are tallied by multiplying the number of individual ballots by their respective weights. NemoVote presents:
- **Individuall Ballots** (Number of ballots received)
- **Total Sum** (weighted sum)

Example: Voting with three voter lists
- List A: Weight 1, 2 Voters
- List B: Weight 1, 2 Voters
- List C: Weight 4, 2 Voters

Upon cast of all 6 votes:
- **Individual Ballots**: 6 (2 voters × 3 lists) 
- **Total Sum (weighted ballots)**: 
 - List A: 2 x 1 = 2 
 - List B: 2 x 1 = 2 
 - List C: 2 × 4 = 8
 - **Total Sum = 2 + 2 + 8 = 12** 

The weighted results determine the final vote percentages displayed.

This way you can explain members in detail how weighted voting results have been achieved.

---
## Additional Resources

Expand your knowledge on voting and administration with these articles: 

- [Managing Voter Lists](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/voter-list-management)
- [System Management Overview](/knowledge-base/admin-functions/system-management)
- [Casting Votes as a Voter](/knowledge-base/voter-functions/voting)
- [Understanding Voting Security](/security)

<Related>Discover more features in [NemoVote’s Complete Feature Overview](https://nemovote.com/features)</Related>

Comprehensive Voting Guides and Tutorials